Optimization of Proportional-Integral-Derivative Controller for DC-DC Buck Converters Using the Reptile Search Algorithm

This paper presents a novel approach to designing a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller for DC-DC buck converters, which are widely employed for their voltage regulation capabilities despite inherent non-linearities. To address the need for robust and efficient control, the Reptile Search Algorithm, a recently introduced metaheuristic optimization technique inspired by crocodile hunting strategies, is utilized to fine-tune the proportional-integral-derivative controller parameters. Simulations conducted in the MATLAB/Simulink environment evaluated the objective function based on maximum overshoot, steady-state error, settling time, and rise time. The effectiveness of Reptile Search Algorithm was validated through benchmark functions, statistical boxplot analysis, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, transient response, frequency response, disturbance rejection, and robustness analyses. The Reptile Search Algorithm–optimized proportional-integral-derivative controller achieved a 30% reduction in settling time, a 50% decrease in overshoot, and a 15% improvement in phase margin compared to established optimization algorithms, such as Artificial Ecosystem Optimization, Particle Swarm Optimization, and Differential Evolution. Convergence speed analysis revealed that Reptile Search Algorithm converges 20% faster than Particle Swarm Optimization and 15% faster than Differential Evolution, with a 12% lower computational cost per iteration. Real-time testing on a laboratory prototype confirmed a 30% lower overshoot under a 20% disturbance signal. These findings highlight Reptile Search Algorithm’s potential to significantly enhance the dynamic performance and voltage regulation of buck converters in applications such as consumer electronics, motor control systems, and renewable energy setups, improving efficiency and stability. However, the study is limited to simulation and a laboratory prototype, with no extensive experimental validation across diverse operating conditions, suggesting a need for future real-world testing to confirm scalability and robustness.

Cite this article as: D. Sevim and N. Bozkurt, "Optimization of proportional-integral-derivative controller for DC-DC buck converters using the reptile search algorithm," Electrica, 26, 0076, 2026. doi:10.5152/electrica.2026.25076.