Design of a Dual-Layer Capacity Configuration Model for Hybrid Energy Storage in Distribution Networks With Photovoltaic Power Sources

Abstract

The traditional distribution network has significant shortcomings in terms of distributed power access capability, automation level, and operational efficiency, making it difficult to meet the development needs of modern power systems. To this end, an innovative photovoltaic power (PP) and hybrid energy storage (ES) collaborative configuration model is proposed, which significantly improves the performance and economy of the distribution network by introducing a lithium battery super-capacitor hybrid ES system and a double-layer capacity optimization framework. This model adopts a dynamic service pricing mechanism in the upper level optimization to minimize the operating costs of the power grid. In the lower level optimization, the dynamic allocation of ES charging and discharging power is used to achieve the lowest operating costs of the PP station, and efficient decision-making is achieved using the IBM ILOG CPLEX Optimization Studio (CPLEX) solver. The experimental results show that the model achieves charging efficiencies of 90.1% and 92.3%, discharge efficiencies of 91.2% and 93.5%, and response times of 2.9 seconds and 3.1 seconds, respectively, in the tests of A and B locations. The performance is significantly better than traditional pumped storage and single ES schemes. Meanwhile, the output power curve of the model exhibits minimal fluctuations, effectively suppressing the intermittent effects of PP generation. Under both dynamic and fixed electricity pricing mechanisms, the model can intelligently guide ES to discharge at full power during peak load periods. The peak valley difference under dynamic electricity pricing is reduced by 219.8 kW, and the net income is increased to 112987.1 yuan, which is 42.9% higher than the fixed electricity pricing mechanism. Through the collaborative optimization of photovoltaic-hybrid ES and double-layer capacity configuration, the study not only solves the stability and economic problems of the distribution network but also provides a reliable technical solution for the high proportion of new energy access.

Cite this article as: X. Huang, D. Xu, X. Qin and X. Tao, “Design of a dual-layer capacity configuration model for hybrid energy storage in distribution networks with photovoltaic power sources,” Electrica, 25, 0038, 2025. doi: 10.5152/electrica.2025.25038.